How does globalization affect cultural imperialism and communities in Research Paper

How does globalization influence social colonialism and networks as to migration - Research Paper Example Seemingly, western forces have kept on expanding their grasp everywhere throughout the world strategically, financially and socially. Work is significant in our lives as it guarantees singular endurance and the life of species (Arendt 8). This paper presents an insightful conversation on how globalization influences social government and networks concerning movement. The principal segment gives the negative and positive parts of social government coming about because of globalization, and the subsequent part clarifies whether social dominion has a positive or negative impact on networks of residents and migrants. With the expanding globalization and formation of worldwide urban areas, may individuals move to the urban areas; consequently, populace change found in these urban communities is because of globalization (Martinez-Fernandez et al 214). Apparently, the procedure of globalization was advanced by the extension of the compassionate framework since the finish of the Cold War (Ba rnett 723), and with the continuous globalization, the significant point of this procedure is to acquire social consistency everywhere throughout the world, and leaving no space for decent varieties. Globalization centers around forcing American culture and lifestyle to acknowledged or grasped all through the world. Globalization meddles with social colonialism and different networks just as individuals’ ways of life. Numerous individuals are anxious about the possibility that that the spread of globalization prompts the homogenizing various social orders over the globe. Globalization involves tolerating American culture as the prevailing one, for example, American multinationals, for example, Coca-Coca and McDonald are the absolute most impressive companies that have spread comprehensively and impacted worldwide shopper culture. These organizations have applied a solid impact on nearby character and way of life. Ostensibly, American qualities have been grasped in different p ieces of the world, that is, their Hollywood motion pictures, food, dress, and some more, and this can be depicted as social dominion. All the more in this way, the spread of globalization through worldwide media and worldwide allotments has advanced the disintegration of nearby societies and customs, and this has extraordinarily meddled with individual’s social character. It is in light of a legitimate concern for the United States to support the advancement of an existence where their financial and political interests would win, a typical language is English, and the basic qualities are created to be in accordance with the qualities which Americans are OK with. Making a worldwide culture involves the advancement of a specific way of life, and globalization has fortified the predominance of the world private enterprise prompting disposal of neighborhood societies and conventions through a worldwide culture. Apparently, globalization achieves a homogenized worldwide culture a nd the local societies dissolved, and this worldwide culture inclines intensely towards the West; in this manner, from a social point of view, the procedure of globalization is to a great extent the spread of Americanization. Besides, today, we live in a consumers’ society where work and utilizations is a vital part of our lives (Arendt 126), thus, globalization has empowered the dissemination of innovative machines to different spots worldwide in order to make work and work exercises simpler,

Labatt Blue Sot Essays

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Spains American Colonies and the Encomienda System

Spains American Colonies and the Encomienda System During the 1500s, Spain methodicallly vanquished pieces of North, Central and South America just as the Caribbean. With local governments, for example, the productive Inca Empire in ruins, the Spanish conquistadorsâ needed to figure out how to control their new subjects. The encomienda framework was set up in a few territories, in particular in Peru. Under the encomienda framework, noticeable Spaniards were depended with local networks. In return for local work and tribute, the Spanish master would give insurance and training. As a general rule, be that as it may, the encomienda framework was meagerly conceal subjection and prompted a portion of the most exceedingly terrible abhorrences of the pilgrim time. The Encomienda System The word encomienda originates from the Spanish word encomendar, which means to depend. The encomienda framework had been utilized in medieval Spain during the reconquest and had made due in some structure from that point onward. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were distributed by Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean. Spanish conquistadors, pilgrims, clerics or pioneer authorities were given a repartimiento, or award of land. These terrains were frequently very tremendous. The land incorporated any local urban communities, towns, networks or families that lived there. The locals should give tribute, as gold or silver, harvests, and staples, creatures, for example, pigs or llamas or whatever else the land delivered. The locals could likewise be made to work for a specific measure of time, say on a sugarcane ranch or in a mine. Consequently, the proprietor, or encomendero, was answerable for the prosperity of his subjects and was to make sure that they were changed over and tau ght about Christianity. A Troublesome System The Spanish crown hesitantly affirmed the conceding of encomiendas on the grounds that it expected to compensate the conquistadors and set up an arrangement of administration in the recently vanquished regions, and the encomiendas were a handy solution that executed the two winged animals with one stone. The framework basically made landed honorability out of men whose solitary aptitudes were murder, disorder, and torment: the rulers delayed to set up a New World theocracy which could later demonstrate irksome. It likewise quickly prompted manhandles: encomenderos set nonsensical expectations of the locals who lived on their territories, working them unnecessarily or requesting tribute of harvests that couldn't be developed on the land. These issues showed up rapidly. The primary New World haciendas, allowed in the Caribbean, frequently had just 50 to 100 locals and even on such a little scope, it wasn’t some time before the encomenderos had for all intents and purposes oppres sed their subjects. Encomiendas in Peru In Peru, where encomiendas were conceded on the vestiges of the rich and strong Inca Empire, the maltreatment before long arrived at incredible scale. The encomenderos there demonstrated a barbaric impassion to the enduring of the families on their encomiendas. They didn't change the quantities in any event, when harvests fizzled or debacles struck: numerous locals had to pick between satisfying portions and starving to death or neglecting to meet standards and confronting the regularly deadly discipline of the regulators. People had to work in mines for a considerable length of time at once, regularly by candlelight in profound shafts. The mercury mines were especially deadly. During the main long stretches of the provincial time, Peruvian locals kicked the bucket by the several thousands. Organization of the Encomiendas The proprietors of the encomiendas shouldn't ever visit the encomienda lands: this should eliminate manhandles. The locals rather carried the tribute to any place the proprietor happened to be, by and large in the bigger urban areas. The locals were frequently compelled to stroll for quite a long time with overwhelming burdens to be conveyed to their encomendero. The terrains were controlled by barbarous administrators and local chieftains who regularly requested additional tribute themselves, making the lives of the locals considerably increasingly hopeless. Ministers should live on the encomienda lands, training the locals in Catholicism, and frequently these men became safeguards of the individuals they educated, yet similarly as regularly they submitted maltreatment of their own, living with local ladies or requesting tribute of their own. The Reformers While the conquistadors were wringing each and every bit of gold from their hopeless subjects, the frightful reports of misuses accumulated in Spain. The Spanish crown was in a predicament: the imperial fifth, or 20% assessment on triumphs and mining in the New World, was filling the extension of the Spanish Empire. Then again, the crown had made it very evident that the Indians were not slaves yet Spanish subjects with specific rights, which were being glaring, methodicallly and awfully damaged. Reformers, for example, Bartolomã © de las Casas were foreseeing everything from the total eradication of the Americas to the everlasting perdition of everybody associated with the entire ignoble venture. In 1542, Charles V of Spain at long last tuned in to them and passed the supposed New Laws. The New Laws The New Laws were a progression of imperial statutes intended to end the maltreatment of the encomienda framework, especially in Peru. Locals were to have their privileges as residents of Spain and couldn't be compelled to work on the off chance that they would not like to. Sensible tribute could be gathered, however any extra work was to be paid for. Existing encomiendas would go to the crown upon the passing of the encomendero, and no new encomiendas were to be allowed. Besides, any individual who mishandled locals or who had taken an interest in the conquistador common wars could lose their encomiendas. The ruler affirmed the laws and sent a Viceroy, Blasco N㠺ã ±ez Vela, to Lima with clear requests to uphold them. Insubordination The provincial world class was furious with rage when the arrangements of the New Laws got known. The encomenderos had campaigned for a considerable length of time for the encomiendas to be made changeless and acceptable starting with one age then onto the next, something the King had consistently stood up to. The New Laws evacuated all desire for unendingness being allowed. In Peru, the greater part of the pilgrims had participated in the conquistador common wars and could, hence, lose their encomiendas right away. The pioneers came together for Gonzalo Pizarro, one of the pioneers of the first victory of the Inca Empire and sibling of Francisco Pizarro. Pizarro vanquished Viceroy N㠺ã ±ez, who was murdered in fight, and fundamentally governed Peru for a long time before another royalist armed force crushed him; Pizarro was caught and executed. A couple of years after the fact, the second disobedience under Francisco Hernndez Girã ³n occurred and was additionally put down. End of the Encomienda System The King of Spain nearly lost Peru during these conquistador uprisings. Gonzalo Pizarros supporters had asked him to proclaim himself King of Peru, yet he won't: had he done as such, Peru may have effectively part from Spain 300 years ahead of schedule. Charles V felt it judicious to suspend or rescind the most abhorred parts of the New Laws. The Spanish crown still undauntedly would not concede encomiendas in interminability, in any case, so gradually these grounds returned to the crown. A portion of the encomenderos figured out how to make sure about title-deeds to specific grounds: not at all like the encomiendas, these could be passed down starting with one age then onto the next. Those families that held land would in the long run become the local government. Once the encomiendas returned to the crown, they were managed by corregidores, imperial operators who controlled crown possessions. These men end up being just as terrible as the encomenderos had been: corregidores were named for generally concise periods, so they would in general crush as much as possible out of a specific holding while they could. As such, despite the fact that the encomiendas were eliminated in the end by the crown, the part of the local laborers didn't improve. The encomienda framework was one of the numerous revulsions exacted on the local individuals of the New World during the victory and frontier times. It was basically servitude, given however a slender (and deceptive) facade of decency for the Catholic instruction that it suggested. It legitimately permitted the Spaniards to work the locals actually to death in the fields and mines. It appears to be counter-gainful to slaughter off your own specialists, yet the Spanish conquistadors being referred to were just keen on getting as rich as possible as fast as could reasonably be expected: this voracity drove straightforwardly to a huge number of passings in the local populace. To the conquistadors and pioneers, the encomiendas were nothing not exactly their reasonable and simply prize for the dangers they had taken during the success. They considered the To be Laws as the activities of a dissatisfied lord who, all things considered, had been sent 20% of Atahualpas deliver. Perusing them today, the New Laws don't appear to be radical - they accommodate essential human rights, for example, the option to be paid for work and the option to not be preposterously burdened. The way that the pioneers revolted, battled and kicked the bucket to battle the New Laws just shows how profoundly they had sunk into eagerness and remorselessness. Sources: Burkholder, Mark and Lyman L. Johnson. Provincial Latin America. Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Sewing, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (unique 1970). Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Patterson, Thomas C. The Inca Empire: The Formation and Disintegration of a Pre-Capitalist State.New York: Berg Publishers, 1991.

Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring - Movie Review Example The story is broken down into four sections where each part depicts regularity of the earth. These seasons give us how the Korean culture follows a precise method of getting things done. In each part, there is change of occasions as how the earth’s seasons reform. The adjustment in seasons shows the movements and advancements that happen in the Korean culture. Argumentation of the Movie The season spring is the preeminent occasion that acquaints the addressees with the story and takes the peruser through the plot. The peruser is acquainted with an old priest who prepares a young priest on the methods of Buddhist feelings. Preparing of the Buddhist feelings causes the peruser to comprehend that the Koreans are a strict society. The Koreans are a persevering society in light of the fact that the old priest works through crowding. The energetic priest makes some perplexing memories getting these aptitudes in light of the fact that more often than not he is occupied by joy in torm enting powerless animals that are in the spring. This gives us that young men in the Korean culture take part in wickedness conduct like young men in any general public. He chooses to rebuff the youthful priest for his activities, and orders the youthful priest to tie a stone around his midriff with the goal that he can encounter the enduring the creatures experience (Ebert 12). Rebuffing the youthful priest in light of tormenting vulnerable animals shows us the Koreans like frogs and snakes. ... The Koreans additionally take part in sentimental connections at their high school age, this is obvious through the fascination of the youthful priest and the lady. The young lady is experiencing an ailment that isn't comprehended and she is brought to the old Buddhist for meds. This uncovers the Korean culture has confidence in customary herbs for restoring infections (Ebert 22). The youthful priest and the lady proceed with their personal connection and some way or another her sicknesses are relieved, these shows that declaration of adoration in the Korean culture is a type of prescription. A time of fall is acquainted with the peruser, which is somewhat better than the season harvest time. Koreans acknowledge craftsmanship and use it to impart various messages, this is prove by the manner in which the old priest takes part in aesthetic work. He inevitably sees a bit of paper detailing the murdering of a young lady by his supposed darling and this acquires a feeling of savagery Kor ean culture. The old priest mechanically proposes that the killing was a because of envy of the sweetheart. Korean culture contends that fierce demonstrations are related with the enlightened world. Disloyalty is clear in the Korean culture in light of the fact that the youthful priest slaughters his significant other for taking part in an extramarital entanglements with another man. The youthful adult’s enduring is resultant of his activities, which are making him experience offense. Koreans has confidence in the spirits in light of the fact that the old priest plays out a custom for filtering the youthful priest. The old priest advises the youthful grown-up to cut Korean characters on a tree with the blade he utilized in killing the lady. There is sorted out law implementation in Korean culture as analysts show up in the town to capture the youthful grown-up and ship him to a prison (Ebert

Maximum power transfer theorem Essay Example

Most extreme force move hypothesis Paper The change is utilized to build up proportionality for systems with three terminals. Where three components end at a typical hub and none are sources, the hub is killed by changing the impedances. For identicalness, the impedance between any pair of terminals must be the equivalent for the two systems. The conditions given here are substantial for mind boggling just as genuine impedances Procedures: The force flexibly was killed. Also, the multimeter was utilized to estimated the proportionate opposition of the system in the past circuit we utilized =21. 5aâ ¦ The force gracefully was expelled, we estimated again the equal obstruction =28. 4aâ ¦ The outcome in sync 1 is littler than in sync 2. In sync 1 , the force flexibly has not been expelled, and it comprises inside obstruction. As it associates corresponding to the circuit, the proportionate obstruction will be littler than without equal inward opposition. The star-to delta or the delta â€to â€star change was utilized to ascertain the identical obstruction of system appeared in figure 3. comparable opposition of : The we figure is near stage 1 however littler than stage 2. At the point when we ascertain the comparable opposition of ,we don’t know the inside obstruction of intensity flexibly and we accepted the interior obstruction is zero and overlook it in computation, so the outcome we figure is like information with evacuation of intensity gracefully. We will compose a custom article test on Maximum force move hypothesis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Maximum force move hypothesis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Maximum force move hypothesis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

IELTS Cause and Effect Essay Samples - The Two Types

IELTS Cause and Effect Essay Samples - The Two TypesHave you always wanted to write an IELTS cause and effect essay? There are so many essay samples to choose from that it can be a little difficult to make the right decision. Not all of them will work for you. Take some time to think about how you will format the essay and why.There are two main types of IELTS cause and effect samples. First you will have examples that are based on real life experiences. It might seem obvious that you would want to use real life examples but just think about what would happen if you took a test in which real life examples were presented. If you got a perfect score then your instructor would give you a high school diploma, or a certificate.The second type of IELTS cause and effect essay samples is what you might call the 'science-based' type. This type includes things like the Copernican theory, DNA, quantum mechanics, etc. These types of examples seem to work much better with students who really enjo y the subject matter of the course. When it comes to science and math, there is a huge subjectivity to be had.When you are choosing IELTS cause and effect essay samples, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, the more details you include the better. If you are writing about DNA, you may not need to mention how it was found. Some of the other examples mentioned earlier have much more detail in them.The other thing to keep in mind is that the cause and effect themes of most of these examples are quite vague. What do I mean by that? Well, when you use the examples you need to explain things such as cause and effect and what cause and effect are in the real world. The type of material that you will find with IELTS cause and effect essay samples is that you want to make it as easy to understand as possible. You don't want it to sound like a science paper. Some of the examples will even be very simple. You don't want to get too involved and the facts are still confusing.IELTS caus e and effect examples can help students that are struggling with certain topics learn better by putting a problem into the larger context of a scientific method. The more you can show the connection between the examples and the actual methods, the better. This will help your students see the connections between the actual topic and the examples.

Academic Integrity Essay Sample

Academic integrity is a very important thing that bothers a lot of the students, their teachers, and professors. First of all, when people talk about academic integrity they mean honest studying. In other words, when students do not cheat when passing their assignment and exams, it can be called academic integrity. However, nowadays this expression means not only this. This is the reason, why every pupil, student, parent, and teacher should know about this concept. Academic integrity can learn how to succeed in the study and in another sphere of life. School, college, and university students should know what academic integrity is, and follow the ideas provided by the concept. Every studying year, students should begin with the understanding what this year or semester should be. In other words, they need to understand what they want to gain and to set real goal. It can be, for example, an A for some subject, or participation in some activity, or victory in some competition. In the first place, academic integrity is a desire to work on yourself and on something important for you, and do your best. Different schools and colleges have their own goals. For this reason, all of the students can have quite a bad impression of what academic integrity should be. In one school, the most important thing is grades when the other school appreciates sports competitions. It is just necessary to understand that not grades, not competitions, and not victories are important, but only learning and knowledge. This is the reason, why cheating is something that cannot be included in the concept of academic integrity. It happens that students have problems with some subjects and courses. When this happens, they have a great desire to find someone or something to help him to pass some of their assignments or exams well. Unfortunately, they not always choose the honest methods to do this. Very often, young people prefer to use plagiarized works or cheat on exams, than to ask for help. It is much better to get a C and have some knowledge and understanding of the subject than to get an A and know next to nothing about it. What will be more beneficial in the future high grades or knowledge? What will help to build a good career, high grades or knowledge? Only knowledge and ability to use it right is important in the modern world. Apart from all this, academic integrity is a never give up attitude. Life can be very unfair, even if you are always honest and do your best to get the best education. It doesn’t mean that the successful future can be achieved without efforts. For this reason, it is very important to stay strong. Only such life attitude can help to survive. In this cases, academic integrity is important not only for the students but for all people too. Every time when you fall, it is necessary to stand up and do your best again and again until it will be possible to become successful. Yet, even after this, it is still important to remember about this rule. Academic integrity is also a willingness to help. If you see that some students have problems with some assignments, it is very good to help them. It is vital to help other people because it gives a chance to learn some very important lessons in the life that will be quite useful in the future. Apart from this, it can be quite beneficial to have a reliable people on your side. Academic integrity is a concept that should be well-known to every student. It helps to take the most advantage of the education and it learns how to live right in this world in order to be successful.

The Prison Industrial Complex Is The Economic...

The prison-industrial complex is the economic interrelation between private prisons and various public and private job sectors that have become dependent on the expansion of the private prison system. A partial list of these sectors includes construction, pharmaceuticals, and law enforcement, including probation and parole. The prison-industrial complex also runs a cheap inmate labor force for various corporations. Approximately 2,266,800 adults are currently imprisoned in America. In addition to those numbers, more than 4 million citizens are on probation which means they are being monitored by the Government (Blades, J., Norquist, G., 2014). The State of Texas, which sentenced 400 teens to life sentences shows an example of how serious mass incarceration is, and the current conditions in America’s prisons are unconstitutional stating that 70,000 prisoners are raped every year. According to national data from the US Department of Justice, over 7.2 million people are on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole. Furthermore, the US criminal justice system consumes $212 billion a year and employs 2.4 million people, more than Wal-Mart and McDonald s combined, the nation s two largest private employers† (Perkinson, 2010). According to the World Prison Brief in 2009, the United States had the highest incarceration rates, with 743 inmates per 100,000 people. In a 2003 report, Roy Wal msley noted that â€Å"more than three-fifths of countries (60.5%) have rates below 150 perShow MoreRelatedTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pagespersonal vulnerability, which can be a product of social interaction within the public sphere of one‘s community (Wyant, 2008:43). Wyant provides the reader with the conceptualization that one‘s perception of crime has been created by a power higher than the individual. Individual beliefs surrounding crime are not produced at primary levels; instead, they are produced through mechanisms of the powerful within the public realm of a capitalist structure. These mechanisms of power (i.e. the media andRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesLevels of Analysis: The SOGI Model Limitations of the SOGI Model The Individual Level The Group Level The Organisation Level The Society Level Interactions between the Levels Morgan’s Metaphors The Metaphors in Brief The Machine Metaphor The Organic Metaphor The Brain Metaphor Cultural (Anthropological) Metaphor The Political Metaphor The Psychic Prison Metaphor Flux and Transformation The Dominance Metaphor Using the Metaphors References and bibliography Workshop Aims Workshop Objectives Reading Lists

Motivation Analysis Organization Behavior - 1576 Words

Running Head: MOTIVATION Week 6: Motivation Analysis . Course: Organization Behavior Leadership 6012_91B Instructor: Dr. Charles W. Creamer Date Submitted: June 24, 2017 Student’s Name: Shaquana Robotham Abstract In a rapidly changing workforce motivation is needed to help companies compete. It is the belief that motivation begins at the top of an organization and as CEO ensuring that employees feel motivated is of vital importance. Motivating workforces include aspects such as job security, personal loyalty to customers, proper discipline, empathetic help with personal problems, appreciation for work, good working conditions, competitive wages, and promotions and growth opportunities. Motivation is the most important piece in†¦show more content†¦In the effort to create change there will be a mission statement that is tied to a rewards system implemented to recognize employees’ performance, this will include growth opportunities such as pay hikes, promotions and bonuses. We are aware that contractual agreements currently exist with our unionized employees and will make the necessary modifications to ensure that they are fairly compensated based on their performance. The missi on statement will serve as the answer, when employees ask, â€Å"Why do we exist today as an organization?† and â€Å"What role do unionized workers play in the organization success?† We will consider many factors in the contractual modifications such as premium health care benefits and job security. People are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, we will take the proper steps to ensure that we are creating a work environment with clear direction in which both rewards systems will exist (Harvard Business Review,2006). For example, pay increases will be predicated upon annual objectives being met and promotions will be considered for employees who exemplify high performance, seek new skills, act with a sense of urgency, develop others, and are willing to take on a challenge. Rewards will also be in the form of verbal recognition which can create optimistic energy that delivers results on all levels of business. WeShow MoreRelatedImproving Organization Retention Paper1446 Words   |  6 PagesImproving organization retention In the past few years the state of Pennsylvania has made an effort to boot their economy by allowing gambling. One of the casinos that have made an impact is JC’s Casino and Resort. This establishment is state of the art in all aspects. It follows all state and federal laws, including being an equal opportunity employer, excellent wage rates, benefits, and has a great reputation for career advancement. However, over the past several months JC’s has had issues withRead MoreBuilding Positive Organizational Behavior And Macro Organization1494 Words   |  6 PagesPositive Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior (OB) is defined as a study in which individuals relate to each other in an organizational and group setting. 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Company Analysis of NIKE 2014 - 3326 Words

NIKE COMPANY ANALYSIS Word count: 2856 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION/ COMPANY BACKGROUND This report examines NIKE Inc. one of the leading sports brand in the world. It uses business analysis techniques such as SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, and Ratio analysis to analyse the business environment and performance of this company. NIKE Inc. is one of the world’s biggest sporting brand based in Oregon USA. Founded in 1968, NIKE is the world’s biggest designer marketer and seller of athletic footwear, sports equipment, apparel, accessories and services, by sales revenue of $21.5 billion in 2012 (NIKE, 2013). With 48000 employees, NIKE’s operation cuts across different regions in the world†¦show more content†¦This implies that the revenue of NIKE can increased, or there could be reduction in the cost of manufacturing due to better technology. To maintain competitive advantage the company need to constantly understand the technological factors that affect them. Environmental Business operations of firms such as NIKE can have huge impact on the environment. Factors such as climate change, waste management, water management, and use of hazardous chemicals are all environmental impact areas the company has identified. NIKE highlights its commitment to reducing the impact of the company’s operations through understanding how related these factors are, and how a coordinated approach in the design of its product and processes can mitigate the impact on the environment, and on their business. Legal The judicial system, consumer rights, trade treaties, and ethical codes are all legal factors that affect NIKE. Constant understanding of laws and regulations is imperative to avoid serious legal implication for the company. Gotham (2013) highlights that one serious legal related issue NIKE needs to constantly deal with is the issue of counterfeit product. Ensuring that fake NIKE products are not wide spread is necessary to keep the NIKE reputation, and avoid lawsuits that can increase the legal cost of the company. Furthermore, keeping ethical standards is very vital in protecting the NIKEShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scan Paper1535 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 17, 2014 Environmental Scan The concept of environmental scanning is important because of the short term and long term success of a company. This tool helps companies scan, monitor, evaluate, and forecast the internal and external parts of the company. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the internal and external variables of a company, the business managers would have to use a SWOT analysis to develop awareness to different of the company. For example, the company could want toRead MoreNike : The World s Most Successful Sportswear Industry1247 Words   |  5 PagesMiu Kataoka, Spencer Kim Cody Miyasato Principle of Finance – BUS 305 NIKE, Inc. 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Adolf Eichmann Essay Example For Students

Adolf Eichmann Essay ADOLF EICHMANNThe Holocaust was one of the greatest tragedies the world has ever known. There were many key people who participated in this outrageous genocide however some get more attention then others. Adolf Eichmann is a classic example. Eichmann was a self-proclaimed Jewish Specialist and head of the Gestapo Department. Eichmann was responsible for keeping every train rolling right into the stations of the concentration and death camps during the holocaust. Now we will take a look into Eichmanns childhood, life experiences, and his later actions to see what shaped into a man of hatred towards the Jewish race. Eichmann was born on March 19, 1906 near Cologne, Germany, into a middle class Protestant family. His family moved to Austria following the death of young Adolfs mother. He spent his youth in Linz, Austria, which had also been Hitlers hometown. As a boy, Eichmann was teased about his looks and dark complexion and was nicknamed the little Jew by classmates. After failing to complete his engineering studies, Eichmann had various jobs including working as a laborer in his fathers small mining company, working in sales for an electrical construction company and also worked as a traveling salesman for an American oil company. In 1932 at age 26 he joined the growing Austrian Nazi Party at the suggestion of his friend Ernst Kaltenbrunner. Eichmann then became a member of the SS and in 1934 served as an SS corporal at Dachau concentration camp. In September 1934 Eichmann found relief from the monotony of that assignment by getting a job in Heydrichs SD, the powerful SS security service. Eichmann started out as a filing clerk cataloging information about Freemasons. He was then assigned to the Jewish section, which was busy collecting information on all prominent Jews. This marked the beginning of Eichmanns interest in the Jews. He studied all aspects of Jewish culture, attended Jewish meetings and often visited Jewish sections of cities while taking volumes of notes. He became familiar with the issue of Zionism, studied Hebrew and could even speak a bit of Yiddish. He gradually became the acknowledged Jewish specialist, realizing this could have positive implications for his career in the SS. He soon attracted the attention of Heydrich and SS Reichsfhrer Heinrich Himmler who appointed Eichmann to head a newly created SD Scientific Museum of Jewish Affairs. Eichmann was then assigned to investigate possible solutions to the Jewish question. He visited Palestine in 1937 to discuss the possibility of large-scale immigration of Jews to the Middle East with Arab leaders. British authorities, however, ordered him out of the country. With the Nazi takeover of Austria in March of 1938, Eichmann was sent to Vienna where he established a Central Office for Jewish Emigration. This office had the sole authority to issue permits to Jews desperately wanting to leave Austria and became engaged in extorting wealth in return for safe passage. Nearly a hundred thousand Austrian Jews managed to leave with most turning over all their worldly possessions to Eichmanns office, a concept so successful that similar offices were established in Prague and Berlin. In 1939 Eichmann returned to Berlin where he was appointed the head of Gestapo Section IV B4 of the new Reich Main Security Office (RSHA). He was now responsible for implementation of Nazi policy toward the Jews in Germany and all occupied territories (eventually totaling 16 countries). Eichmann thus became one of the most powerful men in the Third Reich and would remain head of IV B4 for the remainder of the Reich. In July 1940 Eichmann presented his Madagascar Plan propos ing to deport European Jews to the island of Madagascar, off the coast of east Africa. The plan was never implemented. Following the start of World War Two and the occupation of Poland and the Soviet Union, SS Einsatz groups murdered members of the aristocracy, professionals, clergy, political commissars, suspected saboteurs, Jewish males and anyone deemed a security threat. In Poland, which had the largest Jewish population in Europe (3.35 million) Heydrich and Eichmann ordered the Jews to be rounded up and forced into ghettos and labor camps. Inside ghettos such as Warsaw, large numbers of Jews were deliberately confined in very small areas, resulting in overcrowding and death through disease and starvation. The ghettos were chosen based on their proximity to railway junctions, pending the future final goal regarding the Jews. The Nazis also ordered the establishment of Jewish administrative councils within the ghettos to implement Nazi policies and decrees. The Fhrer has ordered the physical extermination of the Jews, Heydrich told Eichmann, who later reported this statement during his trial after the war. Under the supervision of Eichmann, SS Einsatz groups in occupied areas of the Soviet Union now turned their full attention to the mass murder of Jews. Einsatz leaders kept highly detailed, daily records. Competitions even arose among the four main groups as to who posted the highest numbers. In the first year of the Nazi occupation of Soviet territory, over 300,000 Jews were murdered. .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .postImageUrl , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:hover , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:visited , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:active { border:0!important; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:active , .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cffee737e45426db641dc8b0c754f3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death of a Traveling Salesman misc EssayThe methods used at this time involved gathering Jews to a secluded location and then shooting and burying them. Eichmann traveled to Minsk and witnessed Jews being killed in this manner. He then drove to Lvov where a mass execution had just occurred. During his trial after the war, Eichmann described the scene. The execution ditch had been covered over with dirt, but blood was gushing out of the ground like a geyser due to pressure from the bodily gasses of the deceased. SS Reichsfhrer Himmler also witnessed such a killing and nearly fainted. He then ordered more humane methods to be found, mostly to spare his SS men the ordeal of s uch direct methods. The Nazis then turned their attention to gassing which had already begun on a limited scale during the euthanasia program. Mobile gas-vans were used at first. These trucks had sealed rear compartments into which the engine fumes were fed, causing death via carbon monoxide. On July 31, 1941 Heydrich was told by Goring to prepare a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question. In January 1942 Eichmann helped Heydrich organize the Wannsee Conference in Berlin during which Heydrich and Eichmann along with fifteen Nazi bureaucrats planned the extermination of the entire Jewish population of Europe and the Soviet Union, estimated at 11 million persons. Eichmann took a keen interest in Auschwitz from its founding and visited there on numerous occasions. He helped Hoss select the site for the gas chambers, approved the use of Zyklon-B, and witnessed the extermination process. At the death camps, all belongings were taken from Jews and processed. Wedding rings, eye glasses, shoes, gold fillings, clothing and even hair shaven from women served to enrich the SS, with the proceeds funneled into secret Reichsbank accounts. With boundless enthusiasm for his task and fanatical efficiency, Eichmann travelled throughout the Reich coordinating the Final Solution, insuring a steady supply of trainloads of Jews to the killing centers of occupied Poland where the numbers tallied into the millions as the war in Europe dragged on. In March of 1944 Germany occupied its former satellite Hungary that had the last big Jewish population (725,000) in Europe. On that same day, Eichmann arrived with Gestapo Special Section Commandos. By mid May, deportatio ns of Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz began. Eichmann then travelled to Auschwitz to personally oversee and speed up the extermination process. By the end of June, 381,661 persons half of the Jews in Hungary arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau, which went on to record its highest-ever daily numbers of persons gassed and burned. In August 1944 Eichmann reported to Himmler that approximately 4 million Jews had died in death camps and that mobile units had killed an estimated 2 million. By the end of 1944, the Allies were closing in on Hitlers Reich from all sides. As the Soviet Army approached Budapest, Hungary, Himmler ordered Eichmann to cease deportations. However Eichmann ignored this and had another 50,000 Hungarian Jews rounded up and forced on an eight-day death march to Austria. Following the surrender of Nazi Germany in May of 1945, Eichmann was arrested and confined to an American internment camp but managed to escape because his name was not yet well known. In 1950, with the help of the SS underground, he fled to Argentina and lived under the assumed name of Ricardo Klement for ten years until Israeli Mossad agents abducted him on May 11, 1960. Eichmann went on trial in Jerusalem for crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity and war crimes. During the four months of the trial over 100 witnesses testified against him. Eichmann took the stand and used the defense that he was just obeying orders. Why me, he asked. Why not the local policemen, thousands of them? They would have been shot if they had refused to round up the Jews for the death camps. Why not hang them for not wanting to be shot? Why me? Everybody killed the Jews. He was found guilty on all counts, sentenced to death and hanged at Ramleh Prison, May 31, 1962. A fellow Nazi report ed Eichmann once said he would leap laughing into the grave because the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience would be for him a source of extraordinary satisfaction. Truly those are chilling words to ponder one when thinking of a man such as Karl Adolf Eichmann. BIBLIOGRAPHY -http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/eichmann.html -http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en;ModuleId=10005179 -Reynolds, Quentin James Minister of death: the Adolf Eichmann story, by Quentin Reynolds, Ephraim Katz and Zwy Aldouby., New York, Viking Press, 1960.

Male Bashing Stereotype free essay sample

‘’Male bashing stereotype† by Kimberly Graham article is a first person account about the question of what women want and her wants and dislikes. The author’s main point is that no one really has a clear idea of what women want. There are so many books and shows about the wants and needs of both women and men but especially women and they are all inconclusive of what the whole populations of women really want. The author is right that whether you are a feminist or a typical woman you don’t always know what you want in a man. A woman might want a man that is tall, handsome and makes a lot of money but she doesn’t want him to be controlling, a pig, or insulting. Sometimes when you ask for specifics characteristics you get stuck with others that are not welcome. You might want a man that works but you don’t want him to show up at your house all dirty from work for your date. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Bashing Stereotype or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is hard to find someone that matches your specification exactly if you don’t even know what those specifications are and what sacrifices you are willing to make as a woman but have what you want. The article targets people that want to learn about relationships and the stereotypes that are put out there about dating. The author wants people to dwell longer on what they don’t want instead of what they do want. â€Å"So what does this paper prove? I have come up with an answer to the question of what women want. Or have I? No, the statement is too vague. Society should not generalize-it’s an emotional question. †

Music Therapy Essays (1536 words) - Mental Health,

Music Therapy Music Therapy During the past thirty years, concepts in the mental health profession have undergone continuous and dramatic changes. A relatively new type of therapy is musical therapy, which incorporates music into the healing process. Music therapy also is changing, and its concepts, procedures, and practices need constant reevaluation in order to meet new concepts of psychiatric treatment. The idea of music as a healing influence which could affect health and behavior is as least as old as the writings of Aristotle and Plato. The 20th century discipline began after World War I and World War II when community musicians of all types, both amateur and professional, went to Veterans hospitals around the country to play for the thousands of veterans suffering both physical and emotional trauma from the wars. The patients' notable physical and emotional responses to music led the doctors and nurses to request the hiring of musicians by the hospitals. It was soon evident that the hospital musicians need some prior training before entering the facility and so the demand grew for a college curriculum. The first music therapy degree program in the world, founded at Michigan State University in 1944. The American Music Therapy Association was founded in 1998 as a union of the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy. The music therapist is a competent musician who has received training in the biological and behavioral sciences. Once they have completed one of 69 approved college music therapy curricula including internship involving a period of supervised clinical experience in a psychiatric hospital, they are then eligible to sit for the national examination offered by the Certification Board for Music Therapists. Music therapists who successfully complete the independently administered examination hold the music therapist-board certified credential (MT-BC). The National Music Therapy Registry (NMTR) serves qualified music therapy professionals with the following designations: RMT, CMT, and ACMT. These individuals have met accepted educational and clinical training standards and are qualified to practice music therapy. This broad training allows him or her to assume increasingly varied roles within the psychiatric institutions, and in other areas as well. Imagination, improvisation, and continued learning directed toward community-centered institutions will characterize the successful music therapist. Awareness of the rapid development in the field of mental health will enable the music therapist to demonstrate successfully his or her usefulness in psychiatric endeavors. The clinical settings are all different, but there is a common pattern between them all. The music therapy program represents a movement toward the community and away from institutional isolation. Music therapists work in psychiatric hospitals, rehabilitative facilities, medical hospitals, outpatient clinics, day care treatment centers, agencies serving developmentally disabled persons, community mental health centers, drug and alcohol programs, senior centers, nursing homes, hospice programs, correctional facilities, halfway houses, schools, and private practice. Children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs, developmental and learning disabilities, Alzheimer's disease and other aging related conditions, substance abuse problems, brain injuries, physical disabilities, and acute and chronic pain, including mothers in labor. The therapy is used in treating mental disorders including mild to severe mental handicapped, autism, and schizophrenia. This therapy is also useful in treating physical disabilities including vision, hearing, and speech impairments, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and cleft-palate children. Depending on the ages of the people, the music will have to suit that age of people accordingly. Music therapists assess the emotional well being, physical health, social functioning, communication abilities, and cognitive skills through musical responses. They design music sessions for individuals and groups based on client needs using: music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, music performance, and learning through music. Participate in interdisciplinary treatment planning, ongoing evaluation, and follow up. Although much research in the potential of music therapy remains to be done, it is evident that music can play an important role in the rehabilitative process. Music can and does influence human behavior, but it is not a cure-all. It can rarely accomplish treatment aims and goals by itself. In order to be most useful and therapeutic in the hospital setting, music is subordinated to an overall treatment plan designed to meet the specific needs of the patient as prescribed by a physician. Music is

History and Properties of M-Theory

History and Properties of M-Theory M-Theory is the name for a unified version of string theory, proposed in 1995 by the physicist Edward Witten. At the time of the proposal, there were 5 variations of string theory, but Witten put forth the idea that each was a manifestation of a single underlying theory. Witten and others identified several forms of duality between the theories which, together with certain assumptions about the nature of the universe, could allow for them to all be one single theory: M-Theory. One of the major components of M-Theory is that it required adding yet another dimension on top of the already-numerous extra dimensions of string theory so that the relationships between the theories could be worked out. The Second String Theory Revolution In the 1980s and early 1990s, string theory had reached something of a problem due to an abundance of riches. By applying supersymmetry to string theory, into the combined superstring theory, physicists (including Witten himself) had explored the possible structures of these theories, and the resulting work had shown 5 distinct versions of superstring theory. Research further showed that you could use certain forms of mathematical transformations, called S-duality and T-duality,  between the different versions of string theory. Physicists were at a loss   At a physics conference on string theory, held at the University of Southern California in spring of 1995, Edward Witten proposed his conjecture that these dualities be taken seriously. What if, he suggested, the physical meaning of these theories is that the different approaches to string theory were different ways of mathematically expressing the same underlying theory. Though he did not have the details of that underlying theory mapped out, he suggested the name for it, M-Theory. Part of the idea at the heart of string theory itself is that the four dimensions (3 space dimensions and one time dimension) of our observed universe can be explained by thinking of the universe as having 10 dimensions, but then compactifying 6 of those dimensions up into a sub-microscopic scale that is never observed. Indeed, Witten himself was one of the people who had developed this method back in the early 1980s! He now suggested doing the same thing, by assuming additional dimensions that would allow for the transformations between the different 10-dimensional string theory variants. The enthusiasm of research that sprung out of that meeting, and the attempt to derive the properties of M-Theory, inaugurated an era that some have called the second string theory revolution or second superstring revolution. Properties of M-Theory Though physicists have still not uncovered the secrets of M-Theory, they have identified several properties that the theory would have if Wittens conjecture turns out to be true: 11 dimensions of spacetime  (these extra dimensions should not be confused with the idea in physics of a multiverse of parallel universes)contains strings and branes (originally called membranes)methods of using compactification to explain how the extra dimensions reduce to the four spacetime dimensions we observedualities and identifications within the theory that allow it to reduce to special cases of the string theories known, and ultimately into the physics we observe in our universe What does the M Stand For? It is unclear what the M in M-Theory is meant to stand for, though it is likely that it originally stood for Membrane since these had just been discovered to be a key element of string theory. Witten himself has been enigmatic on the subject, stating that the meaning of the M can be selected for taste. Possibilities include Membrane, Master, Magic, Mystery, and so on. A group of physicists, led in large part by Leonard Susskind, have developed Matrix Theory, which they believe could eventually co-opt the M if it is ever shown to be true. Is M-Theory True? M-Theory, like the variants of string theory, has the problem that it is at present makes no real predictions that can be tested in an attempt to confirm or refute the theory. Many theoretical physicists continue to research this area, but when you have over two decades of research with no solid results, enthusiasm undoubtedly wanes a bit. There is no evidence, however, that strong argues that Wittens M-Theory conjecture is false, either. This may be a case where a failure to disprove the theory, such as by showing it to be internally contradictory or inconsistent in some way, is the best that physicists can hope for at the time being.

Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion

Feodor is a 31 year old man who was born in the Russian Federation. He served as a Russian soldier and saw active duty, in the 1994-6 Chechen war, during which time there was discrimination bombing and shelling of Chechen towns and villages. Feodor has stated that over 250, 000 people of the Russian federation were killed in Chechnya during the collapse of the Soviet Union ‘that was genocide’. He has referred to hostage situations in both Budennovsk and Beslan when hundred died. He has quoted the Russian Premier Putin as stating ‘that the war was over 3 years ago’, Feodor contends that the brutal conflict goes on unabated. As a soldier he say it is no surprise that they (The Russian Army) did what they did, the Chechens gave them no choice. So he has come to the UK seeking asylum, work, a better life, a chance to start again, to escape from the nightmares fear. He is now opposed to the conflict in Chechnya and has expressed his opposition to many people, som e of them with power and some from the army in senior positions in the Russian Federation; he believes that he may be at risk of retribution from the Russians and the Chechens. The Social exclusion unit (SEU 2004) defines social exclusion as shorthand for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as disabilities, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environment, bad health and family breakdown. Sayce (2000) described it as the interlocking and mutually compounding problems of impairment, discrimination, diminishing social role, lack of economic and social participation and disability. Also Jermyn (2001) state social exclusion is complex multi-dimensional in the nature and can occur when various linked problems are experienced in combination. Among the factors at play are social status, jobless, lack of opportunities to establish a family, small or non-existent social network, compounding race and other discrimination, repeated rejection and consequent restriction of hope and expectations. Pierson (2002) suggested that social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as whole. This process is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, but other factors such as discrimination, low educational attainment and depleted living environment also underpin it. Through this process people are cut off for a significant period in their lives from institutions and services, social networks and developmental opportunities that the great majority of a society enjoys. Dunn (1999) mentions that the largest UK inquiry into the social exclusion and mental health service users appears to take ‘social model of disability’ perspective and while it discusses social exclusion, the key problem it highlights is discrimination. It states that the inquiry panel receives strong and consistent evidence concerning the discrimination of people experiencing a direct result of their own mental health problems. The report also argues that this discrimination can occur in various areas of life. Especially within jobs and education, this makes mental health service users vulnerable to extreme exclusion from virtually every aspect of society. On the other hand, Repper and Perkins (2001) suggest that social inclusion requires equality of opportunity to access and participate in the rudimentary and fundamental functions of society, for example access to health care, employment, education good housing and ultimately recovery of status and meaning and reduced impact of disability. According to Department of Health (2009) social inclusion in mental health services is improved rights to access to the social and economic world. The new opportunities to recovery status and meaning have reduced the impact of disabilities. However (Bates, 2002) stated that everyone, including people who use mental health services, should be able to enjoy a good standard of health, develop their skills and abilities, earn a wage and live a life in the community in safety. Similarly, the National Service Framework Health Standard One (Department of Health, 1999b) demands that all people whose care is managed through the enhanced care programme approa ch should have a plan that addresses their needs for housing, education, employment and leisure. Within this framework, an inclusive mental health services will address basic standards of living issues. According to the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), and the establishment of the new Disability Rights Commission (2004). Social inclusive perspective, including within the antidiscrimination law, equality and human rights, social justices and citizenship, in addition to clinical perspective, it is from this point that pernicious nature of exclusion and the importance of social inclusion for people with mental health problems and those with intellectual disabilities can be most clearly appreciated. In this case Mental Health Professionals have a responsibility in helping people with mental health problems to make sure they become socially included and not socially excluded. In Feodor’s case mentioned earlier in the assignment that he came to UK seeking asylum, work, and better life. Refuges and asylum-seekers experience a higher incidence of mental distress than the wider population (Future Vision Coalition, 2009). The most common diagnose are trauma related psychological distress, depression and anxiety (Crowley, 2003). In which this is the case with Feodor, much of the distress experienced by him is strongly linked to the events that happened in his home town which have led to his departure. However distress occurs when you are unable to cope with pressure there is also strong evidence that Feodor’s mental distress is as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced in the UK. He was a victim of discrimination and social exclusion and this had very big impact on his mental state. Mental health policy (Department of Health, 2005) recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable and at risk group, however progr essively more restrictive UK asylum policies have had an increasing negative impact on mental health well being (Royal College of Psychiatry, 2007). Asylum-seekers who are unable to provide accommodation for themselves in UK have been sent to different parts of the country on no choice circumstances. This process does not take into account the community support networks, family of friends. However some of these areas in which dispersed asylum-seekers are housed in many cases are deprived areas with multiple social problems and little experience of diverse communities. This has often resulted in social tension and racism towards refuges and asylum-seekers like Feodor and they are much more often victims than the perpetrators of crime (Leff, and Warner, 2006). Refuge Media Action group (2006) states that accommodation provision for asylum-seekers have improved over the last few years but there are still concerns that it can be poor quality and unstable in some areas. Poor housing, as an immediate environmental stressor, therefore, plays a central role in the psychological well-being of residents both at an individual and community level. (The Acheson Report). Asylum-seekers are prohibited from working or undertaking vocational training and currently receive at around 50% of income support, which has been cut from ?42,16 to ?35,13 a week compared to ?67,50 a week for those on employment support allowance and some are being given vouchers instead of cash (Mind, 2009). As a result many are living in poverty they are deprived of the important integration opportunities which employment can provide (Bloch, 2002). However (Leff, and Warner, 2006) suggested that the working environment offers the opportunity of making friends, gives a structure to the day, increases the person’s self-esteem, and provides an income especially for men like Feodor. Asylum-seekers do not have access to learning opportunities, learning is central to economic success and social cohesion. Feodor was disadvantaged educationally, economically and socially. One problem that will be addressed from the care plan that has great impact on Feodor’s is employment. Unemployment is both a key characteristic and a primary economic cause of exclusion and is linked with poverty, social isolation and loss of status and significantly increase disability and impedes recovery (Percy- smith 2000). It reduces opportunities for good life which lead to social exclusion as people cannot afford the basic necessities, decent food, clothing, holidays and social activities. It has been linked with increased general health and mental health problems (Repper and Perkins, 2003) which means that as long as Feodor remains unemployed he will be socially deprived. Asylum-seekers like Feodor are prohibited from working whilst waiting for a final decision on their asylum claim, but finding work is their main priority just after granted status (Bloch, 2002). For this reason the mental health services could be improving with reference to anti-oppressive and discri mination by assisting Feodor to find voluntary work as short term goal, volunteering for charities or community organisation. Voluntary work will help Feodor with the opportunity to grow in confidence, reduce his own social isolation and increase opportunities to improve language skills; it also contribute to career development and work experience (Refugee Council Online). Voluntary will also provide some evidence of motivation to prospective employers, enhancing job-readiness and prevent going rusty. It also provides opportunity for Feodor to become familiar with other local services, gain experiences of working practices in the UK hence help him to integrate in the society. Feodor does not have the right to get paid job, but voluntary work and study will help him to prepare for employment and alleviate the stress of his situation. (Sainsbury Centre, 2008). Even though this might not change his situation much since there is no income that comes under voluntary work. Paid work is th e only route for Feodor to sustained financial independence, (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. The other things what the mental health service need to do for Feodor is to refer him to vocational rehabilitation for vocational training. Vocational rehabilitation is a process of interventions whereby people with mental health problems or disabilities like Feodor can build up individual capacity to enable himself to the best he can be, achieving better work related outcomes (Waddell et al, 2008). Access to vocational training and education system is crucial for migrants to enable them to adapt their skills and qualifications to the labour market requirement of receiving countries. These services will offer Feodor opportunity to develop confidence, resilience and work skills. Vocational rehabilitation programmes have a greater emphasis on work skills development and on progression towards employment. Employment has been identified as a primary factor in the integration of migrants’ life Feodor into UK (Phillimore et al, 2006). Research also shows that employment is good for our physical and mental health (Waddell and Burton, 2006). Unemployment can damage our health and lead to a range of social problems such as debt and social isolation (Black, 2008). Inability to provide for yourself or to contribute to the society can have negative impact on self esteem, confidence and mental health especially for men like Feodor (Mind, 2009). Being in employment and maintaining social contacts can improve Feodor’s mental health prevent suicide and reduces his reliance on mental health services (SEU, 2004). Employment can also improve Feodor’s quality of life and well being, reduces his social exclusion and poverty (Waddell and Burton, 2006). As stated earlier by (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) that work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. Employment has a central role in most people’s lives offering beyond that of income but still there are very large and growing numbers of people with mental health illness who are out of work, most of whom want to work (Bond, 2006). They cannot get a job if they have or have had a mental health problem because of the discrimination by employers. This goes on even though it is illegal under the Disability Discrimination Act. A socially inclusion approach includes recovery-oriented practice, an emphasis on social outcomes and participation, and attention to the rights of people with mental ill health, as well as to citizenship, equality and justice, and stigma and discrimination. (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Genuine social inclusion can only be achieved by valuing the contribution people can make to society. Because somebody has mental health problems does not mean that he or she can not make a contribution to the community. People need to be given information, choice and freedom and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Within the professional service, it is important that staff develop an awareness that different individuals have different needs, and service users should be involved in the care. The Department of Health (2000) states that patients should not be seen as mere recipient of care, but should be empowered to work in partnership with their health and social providers. In helping people to build their lives, mental health workers need to address social inclusion at both ethnos and demos (Repper and Perkins, 2003). People need to participate in and feel part of the community in which they live and more likely to be able to take part if the have a right to those things that are valued in their community such as decent housing and job. Social inclusion is not treatment or care alone, this means identifying, recovery and social inclusion as explicit goals and taking the opportunity of policy initiatives both within and outside the mental health arena to work for the reduction of discrimination against service users. The complementary concepts of inclusion and their application to mental health practice, provide a significant new basis for common between multi-disciplinary team and service users. To conclude Mental Health does not exist in isolation a good Mental Health is linked to good physical health and is fundamental to achieve improved education attainment, increased employment opportunities, reduce exclusion and criminality and social participation. REFERENCE LIST BATES, P. (2002). Working for inclusion. London, Sainsbury for mental health Publication. BLOCH, A. (2002). Refugees, opportunities and barriers in employment and training. Department for Work and Pension, Research Report 179. Leeds: Corporate Document Services. BOND, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Journal 27, pp. 345-360. CROWLEY, P. (2003). An Exploration of Mental Health Needs of Asylum-seekers in Newcastle, The Tyne, Wear and Northumberland Asylum-seeker health group. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000). The expert patient. London: The stationery office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005). Delivering race equality in mental health care: An action plan for reform inside and outside services and the Government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Department of Heath (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: DH Department of Health (July 2009) New Horizons: Towards a shared vision for mental health consultation: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/consultations/liveconsultations/dh_103144 Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Meaning of â€Å"discrimination†. Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/section/20 Disability Rights Commission (2004) ‘The Web: Access and inclusion for disabled people’, at: http://joeclark.org/dossiers/DRC-GB.html Dunn, S. (199) Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Social Exclusion and Mental Health problems. Mind FUTURE VISION COALITION (2009). A future vision for mental health. London. The stationery office. LEFF, J and WARNER, R. (2006) Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. PERCY-SMITH, J. (2000). Policy Responses to Social Exclusion: Towards InclusionOpen University Press. Maidenhead. PIERSON, J. (2002) Tackling social exclusion. PHILLIMORE, J., ERGUN, E., GOODSON, L. and HENNESSY, D. (2006). Employability initiatives for refugees in Europe: Looking at, and learning from, good practice. Report for Equal and the Home Office. Birmingham: Centre for Urban and Regional studies, University of Birmingham. REFUGEE COUNCIL ONLINE: Volunteering in Leeds. REFUGEE MEDIA ACTION (2006). Seeking asylum: a report on the living conditions of asylum-seekers in London, Migrants Resource Centre. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2001). Voting as a means social inclusion for people with mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, pp. 697-703. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2003) Social Inclusion and Recovery: A Model for Mental Health Practice. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier Science Limited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRY, (2007). Improving the lives of people affected by mental illness. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, (April 2009). Approved by the Central Policy Coordination Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists at: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/social%20inclusion%20position%20statement09.pdf SAYCE, L. (2000). Psychiatric patient to citizen. Overcoming Discrimination and social exclusion. London Macmillan. SAINSBURY CENTRE (2008). Briefing 35: Employment support, mental health and black and minority ethnic communities. London: Sainsbury centre for mental health. SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT (2004). Mental Health and Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. SOCIAL INCLUSION Possibilities and Tensions, (2000). Edited by: PETER, ASKONAS and ANGUS, STEWART. The Acheson Report. (November 1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. WADDELL, G., BURTON, K. and KENDALL, N. (2008). Vocational Rehabilitation- what works, for whom and whenLondon: TSO. Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion Feodor is a 31 year old man who was born in the Russian Federation. He served as a Russian soldier and saw active duty, in the 1994-6 Chechen war, during which time there was discrimination bombing and shelling of Chechen towns and villages. Feodor has stated that over 250, 000 people of the Russian federation were killed in Chechnya during the collapse of the Soviet Union ‘that was genocide’. He has referred to hostage situations in both Budennovsk and Beslan when hundred died. He has quoted the Russian Premier Putin as stating ‘that the war was over 3 years ago’, Feodor contends that the brutal conflict goes on unabated. As a soldier he say it is no surprise that they (The Russian Army) did what they did, the Chechens gave them no choice. So he has come to the UK seeking asylum, work, a better life, a chance to start again, to escape from the nightmares fear. He is now opposed to the conflict in Chechnya and has expressed his opposition to many people, som e of them with power and some from the army in senior positions in the Russian Federation; he believes that he may be at risk of retribution from the Russians and the Chechens. The Social exclusion unit (SEU 2004) defines social exclusion as shorthand for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as disabilities, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environment, bad health and family breakdown. Sayce (2000) described it as the interlocking and mutually compounding problems of impairment, discrimination, diminishing social role, lack of economic and social participation and disability. Also Jermyn (2001) state social exclusion is complex multi-dimensional in the nature and can occur when various linked problems are experienced in combination. Among the factors at play are social status, jobless, lack of opportunities to establish a family, small or non-existent social network, compounding race and other discrimination, repeated rejection and consequent restriction of hope and expectations. Pierson (2002) suggested that social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as whole. This process is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, but other factors such as discrimination, low educational attainment and depleted living environment also underpin it. Through this process people are cut off for a significant period in their lives from institutions and services, social networks and developmental opportunities that the great majority of a society enjoys. Dunn (1999) mentions that the largest UK inquiry into the social exclusion and mental health service users appears to take ‘social model of disability’ perspective and while it discusses social exclusion, the key problem it highlights is discrimination. It states that the inquiry panel receives strong and consistent evidence concerning the discrimination of people experiencing a direct result of their own mental health problems. The report also argues that this discrimination can occur in various areas of life. Especially within jobs and education, this makes mental health service users vulnerable to extreme exclusion from virtually every aspect of society. On the other hand, Repper and Perkins (2001) suggest that social inclusion requires equality of opportunity to access and participate in the rudimentary and fundamental functions of society, for example access to health care, employment, education good housing and ultimately recovery of status and meaning and reduced impact of disability. According to Department of Health (2009) social inclusion in mental health services is improved rights to access to the social and economic world. The new opportunities to recovery status and meaning have reduced the impact of disabilities. However (Bates, 2002) stated that everyone, including people who use mental health services, should be able to enjoy a good standard of health, develop their skills and abilities, earn a wage and live a life in the community in safety. Similarly, the National Service Framework Health Standard One (Department of Health, 1999b) demands that all people whose care is managed through the enhanced care programme approa ch should have a plan that addresses their needs for housing, education, employment and leisure. Within this framework, an inclusive mental health services will address basic standards of living issues. According to the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), and the establishment of the new Disability Rights Commission (2004). Social inclusive perspective, including within the antidiscrimination law, equality and human rights, social justices and citizenship, in addition to clinical perspective, it is from this point that pernicious nature of exclusion and the importance of social inclusion for people with mental health problems and those with intellectual disabilities can be most clearly appreciated. In this case Mental Health Professionals have a responsibility in helping people with mental health problems to make sure they become socially included and not socially excluded. In Feodor’s case mentioned earlier in the assignment that he came to UK seeking asylum, work, and better life. Refuges and asylum-seekers experience a higher incidence of mental distress than the wider population (Future Vision Coalition, 2009). The most common diagnose are trauma related psychological distress, depression and anxiety (Crowley, 2003). In which this is the case with Feodor, much of the distress experienced by him is strongly linked to the events that happened in his home town which have led to his departure. However distress occurs when you are unable to cope with pressure there is also strong evidence that Feodor’s mental distress is as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced in the UK. He was a victim of discrimination and social exclusion and this had very big impact on his mental state. Mental health policy (Department of Health, 2005) recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable and at risk group, however progr essively more restrictive UK asylum policies have had an increasing negative impact on mental health well being (Royal College of Psychiatry, 2007). Asylum-seekers who are unable to provide accommodation for themselves in UK have been sent to different parts of the country on no choice circumstances. This process does not take into account the community support networks, family of friends. However some of these areas in which dispersed asylum-seekers are housed in many cases are deprived areas with multiple social problems and little experience of diverse communities. This has often resulted in social tension and racism towards refuges and asylum-seekers like Feodor and they are much more often victims than the perpetrators of crime (Leff, and Warner, 2006). Refuge Media Action group (2006) states that accommodation provision for asylum-seekers have improved over the last few years but there are still concerns that it can be poor quality and unstable in some areas. Poor housing, as an immediate environmental stressor, therefore, plays a central role in the psychological well-being of residents both at an individual and community level. (The Acheson Report). Asylum-seekers are prohibited from working or undertaking vocational training and currently receive at around 50% of income support, which has been cut from ?42,16 to ?35,13 a week compared to ?67,50 a week for those on employment support allowance and some are being given vouchers instead of cash (Mind, 2009). As a result many are living in poverty they are deprived of the important integration opportunities which employment can provide (Bloch, 2002). However (Leff, and Warner, 2006) suggested that the working environment offers the opportunity of making friends, gives a structure to the day, increases the person’s self-esteem, and provides an income especially for men like Feodor. Asylum-seekers do not have access to learning opportunities, learning is central to economic success and social cohesion. Feodor was disadvantaged educationally, economically and socially. One problem that will be addressed from the care plan that has great impact on Feodor’s is employment. Unemployment is both a key characteristic and a primary economic cause of exclusion and is linked with poverty, social isolation and loss of status and significantly increase disability and impedes recovery (Percy- smith 2000). It reduces opportunities for good life which lead to social exclusion as people cannot afford the basic necessities, decent food, clothing, holidays and social activities. It has been linked with increased general health and mental health problems (Repper and Perkins, 2003) which means that as long as Feodor remains unemployed he will be socially deprived. Asylum-seekers like Feodor are prohibited from working whilst waiting for a final decision on their asylum claim, but finding work is their main priority just after granted status (Bloch, 2002). For this reason the mental health services could be improving with reference to anti-oppressive and discri mination by assisting Feodor to find voluntary work as short term goal, volunteering for charities or community organisation. Voluntary work will help Feodor with the opportunity to grow in confidence, reduce his own social isolation and increase opportunities to improve language skills; it also contribute to career development and work experience (Refugee Council Online). Voluntary will also provide some evidence of motivation to prospective employers, enhancing job-readiness and prevent going rusty. It also provides opportunity for Feodor to become familiar with other local services, gain experiences of working practices in the UK hence help him to integrate in the society. Feodor does not have the right to get paid job, but voluntary work and study will help him to prepare for employment and alleviate the stress of his situation. (Sainsbury Centre, 2008). Even though this might not change his situation much since there is no income that comes under voluntary work. Paid work is th e only route for Feodor to sustained financial independence, (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. The other things what the mental health service need to do for Feodor is to refer him to vocational rehabilitation for vocational training. Vocational rehabilitation is a process of interventions whereby people with mental health problems or disabilities like Feodor can build up individual capacity to enable himself to the best he can be, achieving better work related outcomes (Waddell et al, 2008). Access to vocational training and education system is crucial for migrants to enable them to adapt their skills and qualifications to the labour market requirement of receiving countries. These services will offer Feodor opportunity to develop confidence, resilience and work skills. Vocational rehabilitation programmes have a greater emphasis on work skills development and on progression towards employment. Employment has been identified as a primary factor in the integration of migrants’ life Feodor into UK (Phillimore et al, 2006). Research also shows that employment is good for our physical and mental health (Waddell and Burton, 2006). Unemployment can damage our health and lead to a range of social problems such as debt and social isolation (Black, 2008). Inability to provide for yourself or to contribute to the society can have negative impact on self esteem, confidence and mental health especially for men like Feodor (Mind, 2009). Being in employment and maintaining social contacts can improve Feodor’s mental health prevent suicide and reduces his reliance on mental health services (SEU, 2004). Employment can also improve Feodor’s quality of life and well being, reduces his social exclusion and poverty (Waddell and Burton, 2006). As stated earlier by (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) that work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. Employment has a central role in most people’s lives offering beyond that of income but still there are very large and growing numbers of people with mental health illness who are out of work, most of whom want to work (Bond, 2006). They cannot get a job if they have or have had a mental health problem because of the discrimination by employers. This goes on even though it is illegal under the Disability Discrimination Act. A socially inclusion approach includes recovery-oriented practice, an emphasis on social outcomes and participation, and attention to the rights of people with mental ill health, as well as to citizenship, equality and justice, and stigma and discrimination. (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Genuine social inclusion can only be achieved by valuing the contribution people can make to society. Because somebody has mental health problems does not mean that he or she can not make a contribution to the community. People need to be given information, choice and freedom and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Within the professional service, it is important that staff develop an awareness that different individuals have different needs, and service users should be involved in the care. The Department of Health (2000) states that patients should not be seen as mere recipient of care, but should be empowered to work in partnership with their health and social providers. In helping people to build their lives, mental health workers need to address social inclusion at both ethnos and demos (Repper and Perkins, 2003). People need to participate in and feel part of the community in which they live and more likely to be able to take part if the have a right to those things that are valued in their community such as decent housing and job. Social inclusion is not treatment or care alone, this means identifying, recovery and social inclusion as explicit goals and taking the opportunity of policy initiatives both within and outside the mental health arena to work for the reduction of discrimination against service users. The complementary concepts of inclusion and their application to mental health practice, provide a significant new basis for common between multi-disciplinary team and service users. To conclude Mental Health does not exist in isolation a good Mental Health is linked to good physical health and is fundamental to achieve improved education attainment, increased employment opportunities, reduce exclusion and criminality and social participation. REFERENCE LIST BATES, P. (2002). Working for inclusion. London, Sainsbury for mental health Publication. BLOCH, A. (2002). Refugees, opportunities and barriers in employment and training. Department for Work and Pension, Research Report 179. Leeds: Corporate Document Services. BOND, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Journal 27, pp. 345-360. CROWLEY, P. (2003). An Exploration of Mental Health Needs of Asylum-seekers in Newcastle, The Tyne, Wear and Northumberland Asylum-seeker health group. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000). The expert patient. London: The stationery office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005). Delivering race equality in mental health care: An action plan for reform inside and outside services and the Government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Department of Heath (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: DH Department of Health (July 2009) New Horizons: Towards a shared vision for mental health consultation: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/consultations/liveconsultations/dh_103144 Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Meaning of â€Å"discrimination†. Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/section/20 Disability Rights Commission (2004) ‘The Web: Access and inclusion for disabled people’, at: http://joeclark.org/dossiers/DRC-GB.html Dunn, S. (199) Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Social Exclusion and Mental Health problems. Mind FUTURE VISION COALITION (2009). A future vision for mental health. London. The stationery office. LEFF, J and WARNER, R. (2006) Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. PERCY-SMITH, J. (2000). Policy Responses to Social Exclusion: Towards InclusionOpen University Press. Maidenhead. PIERSON, J. (2002) Tackling social exclusion. PHILLIMORE, J., ERGUN, E., GOODSON, L. and HENNESSY, D. (2006). Employability initiatives for refugees in Europe: Looking at, and learning from, good practice. Report for Equal and the Home Office. Birmingham: Centre for Urban and Regional studies, University of Birmingham. REFUGEE COUNCIL ONLINE: Volunteering in Leeds. REFUGEE MEDIA ACTION (2006). Seeking asylum: a report on the living conditions of asylum-seekers in London, Migrants Resource Centre. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2001). Voting as a means social inclusion for people with mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, pp. 697-703. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2003) Social Inclusion and Recovery: A Model for Mental Health Practice. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier Science Limited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRY, (2007). Improving the lives of people affected by mental illness. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, (April 2009). Approved by the Central Policy Coordination Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists at: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/social%20inclusion%20position%20statement09.pdf SAYCE, L. (2000). Psychiatric patient to citizen. Overcoming Discrimination and social exclusion. London Macmillan. SAINSBURY CENTRE (2008). Briefing 35: Employment support, mental health and black and minority ethnic communities. London: Sainsbury centre for mental health. SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT (2004). Mental Health and Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. SOCIAL INCLUSION Possibilities and Tensions, (2000). Edited by: PETER, ASKONAS and ANGUS, STEWART. The Acheson Report. (November 1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. WADDELL, G., BURTON, K. and KENDALL, N. (2008). Vocational Rehabilitation- what works, for whom and whenLondon: TSO.