The Byzantine Empire :: essays research papers

The Byzantine Empire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished into the oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantine the Great's triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rome to the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named it Constantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot after the breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far the largest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a population of about one million people. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire to follow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, the leaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful new monetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into the middle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estates dominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavy taxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of the Byzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders, therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It took over the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeast corner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the Balkan Peninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known as Byzantine didn't get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people of that time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Roman lifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without any formal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Roman institutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. The predominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin, The Byzantine Empire :: essays research papers The Byzantine Empire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished into the oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantine the Great's triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rome to the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named it Constantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot after the breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far the largest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a population of about one million people. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire to follow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, the leaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful new monetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into the middle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estates dominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavy taxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of the Byzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders, therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It took over the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeast corner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the Balkan Peninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known as Byzantine didn't get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people of that time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Roman lifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without any formal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Roman institutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. The predominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin,

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The color red represents passion and danger; two qualities which, when combined together, are undoubtedly irresistible towards women because of th e contrast between romance and adventure. To complete the advertisements color palette, white font has been incorporated on the black background to ‘pop! ‘ off the page, and capture the viewer's eye.By using these three colors, buyers will commend you on the effective and simplistic understanding of what the product is, and how it can improve their lifestyle. The layout of an advertisement Is crucial when trying to sell any product successfully. Recent studies have shown a pattern forming from viewers when observing an advertisement; majority of the time they will look at the title at the top first, then their eyes scan across the top of the page to finish down to the right hand corner of the page.Therefore, the layout for Perfume's advertisement has been specifically designed to counter these factors. The product has been placed In the bottom right hand corner so that it will be the last thing the viewer will see and member about the advertisement. In the top left hand corner, where they will first read about the advertisement Is the cologne name. The title has been enhanced and bolted so It stands out more than anything else on the page; the title has been selected specifically as the color red to contrast with the black background and link with the significance of color discussed previously. Underneath the cologne title copy. As the reader's eye wanders to the bottom right hand corner, it doesn't matter which way they go, the image of Changing Datum will be inescapable. By using liberty appearance in advertising, majority of people will automatically buy the product due to the fact that, that celebrity wears the product. Changing Datum is an ideal model for your campaign as he represents power, talent, adventure, and romance – all qualities in which majority of women look for in a man.It has been proven that advertisements using attractive males as their cover has gained more attraction to their product. Through the use of attention to de tail in the layout, and incorporation of celebrities, Perfume will achieve superb recognition internationally ND raise sales statistics. The final ingredient in successfully creating an advertisement is language. The slogan â€Å"Be impossible to forget† is a command.Commands work well in ads as gives the customer an instruction, and does not allow any hint of confusion or questioning towards the product. Similarly, the body copy poses a rhetorical question; â€Å"Want to be the one women want? † Rhetorical questions are a clever way for advertisers to capture their audience in a web. Rhetoric's don't allow for an answer, because the answer is obvious. 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Presentation Of Sympathy For Criminals - 1867 Words

Assessment 2: Evocation of Sympathy for Criminals: The Effect of Sympathy on Justice in In Cold Blood and Helter Skelter ‘It is quite legitimate to hold the offender accountable for the suffering he has caused, but he himself has the right to be heard as well’ Boutellier here discusses the right the criminal has to be heard, but not the right they have to sympathy. Sympathy for criminals is an interesting device used in literature to give the reader a sense of injustice on their behalf. In contrast to Boutellier, this essay will consider how sympathy as a literary device is used to evoke sympathy for the condemned in In Cold Blood (1965) and Helter Skelter (1974). A few of the main questions I will be considering is how sympathy is created, and how the narration of it can influence whether the reader thinks the criminal has the right to sympathy. Following from this, I’ll also be looking at whether sympathy interferes with that is considered justice. Is justice for the victim automatically justice for the criminal? Does sympathy for the criminal effect this? How sympathy is narrated and evoked is particularly interesting if you compare how differently it is done for the two murderers in In Cold Blood. Throughout, Capote uses bias narration to evoke sympathy for Perry. This can be seen simply through the contrasting physical descriptions he gives to both Dick and Perry. Dick’s eyes are described as ‘truly serpentine, with venomous, sickly-blue squint that although it wasShow MoreRelatedNegative Attitudes Toward The Homeless Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesWith homelessness effecting 2.3-3.5 million people within any given year, negative attitudes towards homeless individuals and homelessness in general are increasing. Many people view the homeless as smelly criminals, who may have some sort of mental disability, and are aggressive, dangerous beggars. States like Georgia and California hold, what we would consider, the â€Å"meanest† laws in regard to homelessness. Some include: an individual may be arrested for sleepin g on a beach, sidewalk, rooftop, orRead MoreThe Role Of Media On Influencing The Way People Perceive The Relationship And Punitive Attitudes Between Race And Crime Essay2079 Words   |  9 Pagesimportantly, how they feel about the criminals portrayed by the media. This research paper examines the role the media plays on influencing the way people perceive the relationship and punitive attitudes between race and crime. In my hypothesis, I believe that the majority of the participants in this research will presumably perceive Blacks/ African Americans as criminals. The reason I presume participants will most likely steer towards Blacks/ African Americans being criminals is for the reason that recentlyRead MoreTruman Capote s Cold Blood 1292 Words   |  6 Pagesto take a side. In most cases concerning crimes, they tend to side with the victims, in this case the Clutter family. Most often, they believe that the perpetrators are completely guilty and their actions cannot be justified. But in reality, criminals, such as Dick and Perry, have to face deep personal conflicts on a daily basis. While only focusing on what the two have done, the people of Holcomb never take the time to consider what may have lead the two to commit such an unforgivable act. Read MoreThe Insanity Plea Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe Insanity Plea The insanity plea is a poor excuse for serious lawbreakers, and should have no bearing in the sentencing of criminals. All criminal cases today have three ways in which a defendant can plea. Guilty, not guilty, or Insanity. The word insane is a legal term. Because research has identified many different mental illnesses of varying severities, it is now too simplistic to describe a severely mentally ill person merely as insane. The federal law states that insanity is a fairRead MoreConfessions By Saul M. Kassin1471 Words   |  6 PagesM. Kassin Within the criminal forensic field, there has been a shift in research dealing with DNA exoneration and placing guilt of a crime on the legitimate perpetrator. This scholarly article outlines the implications of DNA exoneration and false confessions, specifically the methods that are used to coerce an individual into confessing falsely. The risk factors for a false confession that are discussed include; interrogation technique such as lengthy sessions, presentations of false evidence, andRead More The Middle East: Conflict in Journalism Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesin newspapers and magazines and in radio and television broadcasts. Material written for publication in a newspaper or magazine or for broadcast. The style of writing characteristic of material in newspapers and magazines, consisting of direct presentation of facts or occurrences with little attempt at analysis or interpretation. Newspapers and magazines. An academic course-training students in journalism. Written mate rial of current interest or wide popular appeal. There has alwaysRead MoreStructure Is Not A Typical Narrative Structure982 Words   |  4 Pagesof Dick and Perry, nor the reasoning behind the murder of the Cutter family is not examined until well near the end of the novel, and the background that is provided is skewed to manipulate the readers’ thoughts. In conjunction with the delayed presentation of historical and emotional background of Dick and Perry, the skewed opinions are presented in a multitude of ways, as are the emotional and historical background of the Cutters are skewed. They are presented in opposing ways that elicit the logicalRead MoreThe Robert Courtney Case685 Words   |  3 PagesAdams, 2002). This role was grossly violated in the case of Robert Courtney of Kansas City. He was convicted in 2002 of diluting and selling cancer drugs to customers at Research Medical Tower Pharmacy for nine years (Elliott, Adams). II Upon presentation of evidence against him in court, Courtney at first admitted to diluting anti-cancer drugs for 34 patients of a physician from November 2000 to May 2001 (Vivian, 2004). But later, as part of his plea bargain agreement, he admitted diluting 98,000Read MoreRacial Segregation And Popular Culture1676 Words   |  7 Pagesshows how powerful the media is in distorting the views of African Americans. From the film, there are a lot of deep-rooted stereotypes about black people that echo in the society. Some stereotypes about black men that still exist in people are criminals, rappers, and evil-spirituals. It contains a story about a black man who is portrayed as a wicked person and stalks a white lady for his sexual needs. He eventually scared the lady, and she jumped down the hill to save her virginity. He, at the endRead MoreThe Media Of Female Offenders1561 Words   |  7 Pagesand presentation in the media of female offenders, female victims and women specific crimes . Criminality is still assumed to be a masculine characteristic and women lawbreakers are therefore observed to be either ‘not women’ or ‘not criminals’ (Worrall 1990, p. 31). Female offenders are hallmarked for tireless and inescapable coverage if they fit into the rewarding newsworthy categories of violent or sexual. It is always important to note the reason for overrepresentation of women criminals in the

Feminism And A Good Portion Of Women - 1624 Words

Every second of everyday people make choices, they decide if they are for something or against it. Most decide to keep it to themselves but the ones who decide to voice their opinion are the ones who are persecuted the most. Feminism is a touchy subject to most people; generally males find it obsolete and women find it valuable to keep alive. There are a handful of males who are in favor of feminism and a good portion of women who are against feminism. There are different types of feminism such as the over the top all males shall die and the equal rights, equal pay. Those who are opposed to expressing feminism commonly believe it is out of date and that women are already treated equally; but those who are for expressing feminism spot the differences that can be hard to recognize to someone who isn’t looking. Through the years feminism has been stereotyped as a female’s belief, but it has become more common for males to support this belief of women being put under men in social and economic settings. Although some men only use it as a strategy to get the girls there are a handful that truly believe in feminism. Males who support feminism see the differences between pay and treatment of women in their own place of work. Those who oppose feminism are often categorized as males, but it’s not that uncommon to find a female against feminism. Not all women believe that they are being treated less than their male coworkers. Also those who are against feminismShow MoreRelatedFeminism And Its Impact On Women s Rights Movement Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages Growing up, misconceptions of feminism lead me to reject the idea quickly. Identifying myself as a feminist made me uncomfortable since it evoked the image of a troop of an angry man-hating, unattractive women. When signing up for classes for senior year, I wanted to pick classes of interest to me, but sadly those classes were filled up, leaving me with no choice to enroll in a Gender Studies class. Unexpectedly, I never met with a mass of enraged women spewing hate towards males; rather it wasRead MoreGender Roles : The And Care Givers Of The Family Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesthe provider and safety net for a family. While commonly, women are known to be the nurtures and care givers of the family. Each of these pre-conceived notions are defined to be labeled as gender roles. A position played by a person of a certain gender, based off of past history, family orientation, environment and many other things. Female qualities are methods that our way of life, for the most part, tak es up with being a young lady or women. Manly attributes are methods that our way of life, as aRead MoreMy Redefinition Of Hip Hop Feminism1513 Words   |  7 PagesHip hop feminism differs from the â€Å"normal† definition of feminism, to me hip hop feminism is a way of living and thinking. Hip hop feminism is connected to the Liberation Movement although this movement focused on advancing women rights than civil rights I still believe it played a part with the Hip Hop feminism movement which focused on the rights for young black women in the hip hop industry. I believe this because both movements give women a new definition of what it is like to be a women and bothRead MoreWomen s Rights And The Feminism Movement Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn a society where women were treated second to men there was clear outrage by women. In the early twentieth century men played the public role in society they worked, they made up the government, and they also got to own property a nd vote. Whereas women had the private role in society at this time, they were supposed to stay at home and clean, cook, and take care of the children. The women of this time were sick of being treated a step lower than men, which started the creation of women’s rightsRead MoreVirginia Woolf Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagesstigma that the label is surrounded by. She fully understands that ?women?s issues? ignite a deep-seated resentment in the hearts of men and is conscious of the fact that at her particular time in history this resentment is running high due to the war and the women?s suffrage movement. In her essay she tries extremely hard to avoid being ridiculed by men while at the same time sparking ideas in the minds of women. Woolf desires women to have money and a room of their own so that their so-called ?potentialRead MoreThe Christian Doctrine Of Sin1686 Words   |  7 Pagesscapegoat, and dominate women. While some of these theologians contend that within Christi an orthodoxy remains a deeply rooted misogyny, only treatable from the outside-in, others suggest that within the Christian tradition itself resides the tools for healing and transformation. Methodologies aside, both camps commit to addressing the sin ‘problem’ for women. They point towards the historic account of original sin, as a compelling force in justifying the cultural subordination of women. Furthermore, scholarsRead MoreIs Feminism a Harmful Ideology Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIn Issue 4, Is Feminism a Harmful Ideology? I believe that the two central moral issues to this debate are as follows : (1) Is it immoral to infringe upon individual liberty (even if some other good can come of it)? (2) Is it immoral to discriminate based on sex (even if there are innate differences, which are relevant to the situation)? What makes these distinctly moral issues, as opposed to legal, religious, or socio-political issues? These are distinctly moral issues for a fewRead MoreEssay about Aurora Leigh882 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature in which the heroine, just like the author was a woman writer. This story had a lot to do with Aurora as a rising poet in a society that did not except woman as artists. Society set a restriction on women because of the role that was put upon them. Society basically sets the women into an imprisonment. Aurora Leigh tells the story of the development of a woman poet largely as the story of her struggle to understand how her life and art can accommodate love. Aurora Leigh enviesRead MoreThe Movie Mulan 883 Words   |  4 PagesMulan is an animated film that was released in 1998 from Disney during third wave feminism, which features an Asian woman protagonist. She is a Disney princess, but at first glance you wouldn’t think so. Mulan is introduced as a clumsy tomboy who did not think she would ever bring honor to her family. In order to accomplish said honor, she would have to by being the perfect bride, in accordance with the matchmaker. The film has a great amount of feminist ideals, however, it doesn’t leave out stereotypicalRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism1121 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Webster’s dictionary, feminism is defined as the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. In today’s modern world, no matte r which end of the political spectrum a person is on, the term can invoke strong feelings - some of which have created a sense of shame or harm associated with the concept. These associations of wrongdoing and radicalism with the theory of feminism and its subsequent movement have existed long before the era of social media activism and selfies;

Freedom and Resentment by Peter Strawson Essay - 731 Words

In his essay, â€Å"Freedom and Resentment†, Strawson aims to prove human freedom by evaluating two opposing viewpoints, the optimist and the pessimist toward determinism, and discrediting various ideas within each argument in order to arrive at his own conclusion. It is necessary to understand that the basis of Strawson’s argument focuses on human psychology. He believes that innate tendencies engrained in our dispositions develop our subjective reactive attitudes and we are too attached to interpersonal relationships to consider changing all attitudes to objective ones. While I find Strawson’s points to be relevant and compelling, there are flaws in his argument that cannot be ignored. He begins with the optimist’s idea, which he later†¦show more content†¦Strawson negates the pessimist’s argument because it asks us to make our attitudes wholly objective, which isn’t humanly possible, thus making this argument futile. He elaborat es on the optimist’s view by introducing the belief that our moral attitudes are facts of our natural human commitment to interpersonal relationships and we are incapable of ignoring them. Regardless of determinism, moral concepts are relevant and they shape all human action, including the practices enforced by social institutions. Strawson says that because human action is guided by moral attitudes which we naturally form and are not constrained by any evident notion of pre-ordination, we are free. I disagree with Strawson. Strawson uses his beliefs about moral attitudes to deem the pessimistic point of view irrelevant, claiming that in order to follow through with this idea, that is, an objective attitude towards everyone, we would have to perform a task we are psychologically incapable of performing. However, he fails to address positive freedom. Strawson assumes that we are free because we are incapable of changing our attitudes into objective ones does not prove human freedom at all, it proves human incapability. It merely means that innate human nature prevents us from being able to control our reactive attitudes. One can accept thisShow MoreRelated The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe unique ability that each and every individual possesses that enable him/her to control their actions is known as free will. Free will is directly connected to two other vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why t he debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because freeRead MoreWhat Is a Reactive Attitude? What Bearing Does It Have on the Problem of Free Will?1920 Words   |  8 Pagesreactive attitude? What bearing does it have on the problem of free will? A theory that has attacked the validity of discussions on freedom in modern philosophy is determinism. In these discussions, questions have arisen as to how the truth or falsity of this theory should affect our lives. In this essay I will discuss the formal implications, illustrated by Peter Strawson, that come about from this. This will mean discussion of our reactive attitudes on: our moral considerations and on our inter-personal

How the Media Gives the Pit Bull a Bad Name Free Essays

Dog breeders are often confronted with the truth that the media have no idea about dog breeds. Neither do they have an idea of what makes a â€Å"dangerous dog†. Due to their misreporting of facts regarding various breeds, they have instilled an unwarranted fear in society when it comes to certain dogs, most specially, the pit bull. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Media Gives the Pit Bull a Bad Name or any similar topic only for you Order Now No dog is untrainable nor are they born vicious. Although most dogs are sociable, loving and fun, dogs like the Pit Bull are genetically predisposed to animal aggression. There are actually several breeds of the Pit Bull that include the Terrier line like the American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Bull Terrier and the American Bulldog. Once the poster dog representing America in the World Wars, the breed has gone from a beloved breeds used on television shows from Our Gang to Little House on the Prarie, to headlines of your local newscasts. The media has represented the breed as a vicious attack dog even as Pit Bulls continue to work in the armed services, search and rescue efforts, therapy, and dog competitions. If a Pit Bull were truly a vicious animal, it is really doubtful that it would be the breed of choice for any of these human interaction services.   The Pit Bull is normally of a tenacious, courageous nature and displays a love for their humans. It takes a huge commitment on the master’s part to train such a breed. But the training is eventually worth it. The dog just cannot mingle with other dogs due to the aggression the dog poses toward its fellow dogs. The media needs to be educated to some facts about the Pit Bull. Such as, even though the Put Bull ranks number one in breeds in the USA, it does not rank number 1 in biting. The Golden Retriever has been proven to be the more aggressive dog. A Pit Bull posing a danger to children is also a myth that the media propagates. No dog should ever be left unsupervised in the company of children. Pit Bulls have also become the staple of urban mythology because people tend to fear the way they look even though the dog is of a small size. It has not helped that media reports have fuelled the hype that has seen the breed become one of the most persecuted breeds today. Dog attacks are most often the result of bad breeding and training. If a dog farm raises the Pit Bull, one can assume that the dog has led a rough life full of mistreatment and neglect. That is not the case for all the dogs of this breed. Sadly, people would rather believe the worst of the dog rather than give it a chance to prove that is loving, kind, and playful. Pit Bull bites are over hyped and not representative of the real Pit Bull situation. According to the website Save the Pits! : The 2004 statistics from the American Temperament Test Association show that 83.4% of American Pit Bull Terriers passed the temperament test. This is higher than the Beagle (78.2%) and the Border Collie (79.6%). The temperament test consists of putting the dog through a series of confrontational situations – if the dog reacts aggressively or fearfully, it fails. Those who report the news have to understand that there is a difference between Animal Aggression and Human Aggression. The truth of the matter is that dogs themselves can differentiate the two aggression types. Put Bulls are unlawfully bred and trained by unscrupulous breeders to participate in dog fights so animal aggression exists in the breed. Pit Bulls love human interaction and are not even capable of differentiating between a pet loving human and a potential attacker. In the event it does bite a human, it can be rehabilitated by an animal behaviorist. The media continues to tarnish the Pit Bulls reputation with unwarranted reports. The public must be educated about Pit Bull misconceptions because the media has never been known to be receptive of anybody telling them they are wrong. The Pit Bull is easily confused with about 10 other breeds. There have been actual bite reports done that report a Pit Bull as the attacker but later investigations prove it was not a Pit Bull. The media does not bother to report that. Sensationalist reporting by the media has turned the Pit Bull into an under dog. Dog bites are blown out of proportion with headlines that strike fear in the reader’s hearts.   The reason for this is clearly explained by the Save the Pits! Article: Thanks to the media and general sensationalism, the Pit Bull is a newsworthy dog. In this country, bad news makes the national papers and sells more than good news, which just tends to make the local papers. The media has transformed the Pit Bull from what it used to be – America’s favorite dog – into the devil dog that it is today. No one wants to see a story with the title ‘Man bitten by Labrador’ or ‘Man bitten by Jack Russell’. Stories involving Pit Bulls are much more newsworthy, and unfortunately their popularity does not seem to be waning. Until dog breeders, trainers, and owners can find an effective way to stop the maligning of the Pit Bull by the media, the poor dog will be unjustly accused of and punished crimes it is not capable of committing. Work Cited Pit Bull Training Secrets. 2006. PitBullTrainingSecrets.US. February 23, 2007 Animals and Pets. Save the Pits!.February 23, 2007 http://www.care2.com/c2c/group/Pit_love Pet Orphans of Southern California. Dangerous Breeds. February 23, 2007 http://www.petorphans.org/infamous.sh How to cite How the Media Gives the Pit Bull a Bad Name, Essay examples

Global Issues affecting Tourism-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Global Issues affecting Tourism. Answer: Introduction Travel and tourism is touted to be a key sector for the economic development and job creation. In the year 2016, travel and tourism directly contributed around US$2.3 trillion and offered 109 million jobs worldwide, this is equal to 10.2% of the Worlds GDP and approximately 1 out of 10 jobs. Despite growth in travel and tourism industry, there are a lot of issues clouding the industry. In the report we will be discussing on some of these issues (Mahrous Hassan, 2016). For the purpose of the report the issues identified for analysis are: Climate Change Destination Degradation Disruption Global Tourism Issues Climate Change Climate change has a great impact on travel and tourism, exposure to climate related risks such as floods, crop failure, and rise in the sea level can have a huge impact on the valuation of tourism property and the infrastructure. In a recent report from UNESCO, it is been pointed that there are 31 major attractions being under the risk due to climate change, it is pointed that these 31 attractions are in danger due to melting glaciers, intense weather events, bad droughts, longer wildlife seasons, rising seas and increase in temperature. Coastal destinations are one of the largest components of global tourism; they are at risk due to rising sea level, floods, hurricanes, storms and acidification due to climate change. The destination of winter sport is also getting hugely affected by deterioration of snow conditions. The main risk to business comes from different demands of the consumer and the viability of operations, at the same time travellers increasingly opt for different desti nations, thus leaving some tourism infrastructure at previously popular location unused assets (Freitas, 2017) The future of the sector will move to darkness, if alternate sources of energy or clean energy are not found for aviation, the media scrutiny will increase if people believe that the tourism industry is not looking for cleaner sources of energy. Hence it is the need of the hour to reduce the harmful emissions on the ground and other harmful environmental and social effects. The ownership is on the land transport and hotels as well to step up and mitigate the risk to the over tourism sector. The Paris agreement which came into force the last year setting up a road for low carbon emission is a step towards a positive change. It is also put forward that the increase in temperature has to fall below 2 degree Celsius. The authorities have asked all the concerned organization and the countries to report on their carbon emission and their implementation efforts (Leon Arana, 2016) What the industry needs to do There are certain businesses and organizations which are ahead of the race by setting up of ambitious targets based on the science of climate, green financing, internalising carbon pricing and engaging in climate policy developments. A program which is set up by WWF, aims to support business in adopting emissions reduction targets which are aligned to science and the climate requirements. The industry has to be a part of such organizations to damask the effect of carbon emissions (Rogerson, 2016) It is the need of the hour for travel and tourism sector to speed up its transactions towards a low carbon future, in order to achieve this the goals have to be very much clear, the connections have to be built across tourism sub industries and developing and implementing joined action plans. Strong awareness has to be raised around the negative impact of climate change, it also has to be measured and the progress in the sector has to be communicated. Hence, it can be said that to get the transformation the travel tourism sector has to collaborate across the entire value chain and form new partnerships to expedite technological, policy and social innovation that will put the tourism firmly on the pathways of a low carbon economy (Hall, 2015) Degradation of Destinations/Degradation of the biodiversity, ecosystems and landscapes One of the major concerns for the travel and tourism sector is the ever fast degradation of the landscapes, biodiversity and the natural ecosystem. Tourist travel to a destination depending on the beauty and attractiveness of that place, if that sublimes or falls below the expected level, the tourist is sure to get into disappointment and not spread a positive word of mouth about it, causing a substantial loss in the revenue from tourism. The industry heavily relies on the beauty of the destination which has natural and cultural resources, thus it is really important to build a strong connect with the local communities who can realize the importance of destination management and can contribute towards maintaining the beauty and preserving the natural resources (Jahan Rahman, 2016) Two factors which seem to decrease the appeal of the destinations are commoditisation and degradation; these factors are strong contributing attribute which makes the tourism popular. Travel and tourism needs to play a proactive role out here and work with relevant international and national stakeholders to provide sustainable livelihoods and secure the social and cultural integrity at local levels. Incidents of overcrowding at certain destinations like Barcelona, Venice, Thailand have contributed a lot towards deterioration in relationship with the local communities and have also been linked with ruining the cultural heritage sites (Buckley, 2017) What can be done One of the strong reasons of degradation of the heritage sites and the landscapes is not having proper ties with the local community, it is very important to maintain the cultural and social integrity of destinations and show a positive contribution by promoting the benefits of decent work, economic growth, safeguard the destination and also address the negative impacts. Once this concern is addresses there is a strong possibility of getting support from the local community, who will do everything to preserve the natural heritage. Helping and letting the local economy is the only way to survive in this sector (Boley Green, 2016) Disruption It is of no doubt that the potential of tourism is immense, it has been forecasted that for at least 10 years the industry will grow at 4% (YOY). In the way of achieving this forecasted number, climate change, destination degradation and epidemic diseases are the major obstacles. Adding to it is the terror attacks which destroy the peace of the entire world. Terror attacks stop a tourist from visiting that city or the country due to the fear crated around it, it has been reported that 2014 and 2015 were the worst effected year due to terrorism and has hit tourism industry the most. At the most time epidemic like Zika, stops tourist to enter a country due to their health and safety reasons. Thus again hampering the growth of the sector (Goldman Shani, 2017) In the recent pasts there have been many such incidents of terror attacks and violence which have substantially reduced the terror flow in that state, thus depriving the local communities of their livelihood and also hitting the economy by a whip. Such situations adversely affect the growth of travel and tourism sector. The same situation occurs with epidemic, Zika virus disallowed people to move freely across the borders, as they were under the risk of catching the virus and bringing it back to their own country. This was a big blow to the economy as well. Hence, disruption by terror attacks and epidemic disease adds up with climate change degradation of the destination and serves a major blow to the travel and tourism sector (Liu Pratt, 2017) Preventive Measures the industry can take One of the very first few things industry can do is to speak up about the damages being caused to the sector because of the increasing barriers to the trade and the restriction in the movement of people, reduce the threats from climate change and also invest in the quality of staff while building stronger communities. The thinking on the issue has to be done by thinking of it as a global community, define the economic growth and success and ensure the benefits of globalization. Safeguarding the interest of the local community and boosting their interest can go a long way in strengthening of the travel and tourism sector (Tang Tan, 2016) Conclusion Travel and tourism does not do good only for the economy, but it does the overall development of the city, the state and the entire country, it does so much good to the local community and the society that it becomes extremely important to take care of the natural heritage, the culture, the ecosystem and the landscapes around. Many critical issues like change in the climate, degradation of the destination, terror attack and epidemic diseases are already acting as factors of plague to the industry, so now, if people dont open the eyes to the danger of such issues, in not time the entire sector will collapse causes a situation of Mayhem. Collective actions by the travel and tourism authority and related sub industries like hotel, transport is required to build an impermeable wall around the sector. Such actions will make people understand the severity of the situation and the need for the hour to stand together and fight for it. Action and leadership is what even the UN states are the attributes that can do well for this sector. Allowing freedom to travel, opening up the borders and make the travel easier for people will go a long way in boosting the sector. The year 2017 is designated as the international year of sustainable tourism for the development by the United Nations, and this comes at the time when the travel and tourism is provided with a great opportunity to fight the challenges posed to it. Thus, if everyone comes together and works for the collective good, the global issues clouding the sector can be done away with in no time. References: Boley, B.B. and Green, G.T., 2016. Ecotourism and natural resource conservation: The potentialfor a sustainable symbiotic relationship.Journal of Ecotourism,15(1), pp.36-50. Buckley, R., 2017. 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